硅谷的成功鼓舞了世界上许多希望建立科技园的国家。在亚洲，包括中国、日本和泰国在内的许多经济体都有成功的科技园。尽管如此，如果没有先期条件，一个科技园可能会变成一个无用的工程。这是ESCAP《建立科技园区指南:亚太地区决策者参考指南》的关键信息。

The success of Silicon Valley has been inspirational for many countries worldwide wishing to establish science and technology parks. In Asia, successful science and technology parks can be found in many economies, including China, Japan and Thailand. Despite this, if the precursory conditions are not in place, a science and technology park could turn into a white elephant project. This is a key message from the ESCAP guidebook titled Establishing Science and Technology Parks: A Reference Guidebook for Policymakers in Asia and the Pacific.

在世界范围内和该地区，大多数科技园位于经济发达或大型经济体。随着发展中经济体试图缩小技术差距，各国政府越来越多地将科技园区作为其国家战略的一个关键驱动力。例如,联合国贸易和发展会议报道,大约有80%的被调查的国家(包括发达国家、发展中国家和最不发达国家)计划利用专门的区域,包括科技公园，作为一个21世纪的工业、科学、技术和创新(STI)的政策。

Worldwide and in the region, most science and technology parks are in economically advanced or large economies. As developing economies attempt to close the technology gap, governments are increasingly turning to science and technology parks as a key driver of their national strategies. For example, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development reported that approximately 80 per cent of the countries surveyed (including developed, developing and least developed countries) planned to use specialized zones, including science and technology parks, as a part of their 21st century industrial or science, technology and innovation (STI) policies.

建立一个科技园的实体基础设施通常很简单。然而，要让它发挥作用，则更为复杂。在发达经济体中，只有25%的科技园能够成功实现其目标。

Placing the physical infrastructure of a science and technology park is often straightforward. To make it work, however, is more complicated. Only 25 percent of science and technology parks in an advanced economy could be regarded successful in achieving their goals.

我们如何确保科技园的成功?

How do we ensure a science and technology park is a success?

在建立科技园之前，有必要检查先决条件是否具备。这些关键的前兆条件是：

Before a science and technology park is developed, it is essential to check whether the pre-conditions are in place. These key precursor conditions are:

主要租户或固定租户——如国家研究机构，承诺留在科技园。固定租户对于确保科技园有自己的骨干力量至关重要，而且可能有助于吸引其他公司进行合作;

The key tenants or the anchor tenants – such as national research institutes – are committed to staying in the science and technology park. Anchor tenants are crucial to ensuring that a science and technology park has its backbone and may be useful in attracting other firms to co-locate;

一个拥有管理科技园所需的所有技能的团队可以被确定和组建。管理团队不仅需要在研发方面有专长，还需要在商业、营销、谈判和沟通方面有专长。此外，管理团队必须能够调整其策略以适应不断变化的环境。对许多发展中国家来说，这样的多任务意味着组建一个有效的管理团队是一个真正的挑战;

A management team with all the skills necessary for managing the science and technology park can be identified and assembled. The management team needs to have expertise in not only research and development, but also business, marketing, negotiation and communications. Furthermore, the management team must be able to adjust its strategy to an ever-changing environment. Such multi-tasking means, for many developing countries, that assembling an effective management team is a real challenge;

在科技园周边地区已经有了一个强大的科学基地。这个因素很重要，因为周边地区的科学基地将为科技园提供潜在的租户。此外，这将确保园区内的企业可以方便地与园区外的企业进行沟通;

A strong science base in the surrounding areas of the science and technology park is already available. This factor is important because a science base in the surrounding area will provide potential tenants of the science and technology park. In addition, this will ensure that the firms within the park can easily communicate with firms outside the park;

将建设科技园的城市或地区对有才华的研究人员和企业家很有吸引力。

The city or area where a science and technology park will be built is attractive to talented researchers and entrepreneurs.;

在将要建设科技园的城市或国家，都有创业文化。如果科技园的主要目标是培育初创企业和企业家，这个因素就显得尤为重要;

An entrepreneurial culture is available in the city or country where a science and technology park will be built. This factor is particularly important if the key objective of a science and technology park is to foster start-ups and entrepreneurs;

在将要建设科技园的城市或国家，可以获得融资，尤其是种子和风险投资。这些资源对于支持长期的STI计划和建立在现有研究基础上是至关重要的。

Finance, especially seed and venture capital, is available in the city or country where a science and technology park will be built. These resources are critical to support long-term STI initiatives and build upon existing research.

此外，在广泛的国家或地方经济背景下评估科技园也很重要。在这方面，应就建立一个科技园可取得什么成果，以及是否有更好的但可替代的方法来实现这一目标提出关键问题。

In addition, it is important to assess a science and technology park in a broad national or local economic context. In this connection, key questions should be asked on what can be achieved by establishing a science and technology park and whether there are better but alternative ways to achieving that goal.

而科技园可以由私营部门开发的,如果一个政府或公共财政发展部门提供免税、减税等激励机制,科技园需要提供社会福利等先进的研究和发展,促进本国STI和经济发展。

While a science and technology park can be developed by the private sector, if a government or public sector finances the development of the park or provides other incentives such as tax exemption or reduction, the science and technology park needs to provide social benefits such as advanced research and development, which subsequently boosts its national STI and/or economic development.

该指南是在首届亚太地区创新论坛上发布的。与亚洲科学园协会的密切合作不仅确保了指南的相关性，而且确保了它的有效传播。

The guidebook was launched at the inaugural Asia-Pacific Innovation Forum. Close collaboration with the Asian Science Park Association ensured not only the relevance of the guidebook but also its effective dissemination.